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BIEN PAO VIET NAM
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titng noi: ,,Ngdy
trtdc ta chi c6 d)m ud ntrg. Ngdy nay ta c6 igdy, cO {rU,
t:o bidn. Bd bidn t"
ldi nn dep. Ta'phdi niai g& gi" tdy
n-6". Theo ldi dqy cin Bdc, ngdy nay bdngvd Nfta i,n" io
,]y
!d: dlnh: Cbngtdc tuy6n lruydn vd chrt quydn bidn ddo
Vi6t Nom ld vi6c hdt stc cdn thidt, cdp tiidt vd ldu ddi.
D6 )d
cuQc tuyin truydn vd lang y\u nddc, v6 ldng tt
.c6ng
hd9 vd trdch nhi\m c6ng dAn ctn m5i ngtdi ddn Vi& fiam
ridi vdi chfi quydn cfia ddt nddc minh.
TrOn co s& 3 qmn di6m chi dao vd 9 nhi6mvu, gi6i phdp
hong dinh htdng'Chi6n ltoc bi6n Vi6t Nom adn z:ozo;', th6
hi6n trong Ngfti quydt Trtng ddng 4 (khod X) cin ffine, chunp
fti dA fi6n hdnh bi\n soan,-bi6n1qp va xudt b6n bQ slich ChE
quydn bi6n il&o I[lQt Nom g6m l'0'tqp: ,,Todn cdnh bidn d6o
Vi6t Nam"; "MOt sd vdn dd trons Chi6n ltdc bidn Viet
'Titien htng co
!?.^^', "H6i ddp v6 bidn ddo Vi6lNam";
trl aftng ttd Cni Minh tr6n bidn,'; .Tnritng Sa vang"mai
!ci1
bdn hing ca"; "Nhfrtg ngtdi gilt ni6m tin cio bidn";""Ddy
bid_n ViQt Nem"; -Nhtug llaiaao nggc ViQt Nam,,; ,,C&is
bi6n Vi6t Nam"; "Hdi ddigViet Naml Udt indn
bi6n7.
"o,rh
BQ sqch c.ttng dd bdm sdt n6i dtng tuy6n truydn theo
Hddng ddn sd: Os - HD/BTGTW ctn Bin Tuv6n nido Tr.-n
ttong, nhiim: phd bidn nhtttg kidn thttc co bdn rE Luat gi6i
qudc td vd hQ thdng phdp tiat vd bidn, ddo ctn Nhi ntoc

ffiinh thdi, Chfi tich H6 Chi Minh

,26I tV r""g

iI'

\

qud trinh tuydn chgn, biln soan
b6 sdch ndy, chitng t|i c6 stt dung tx li6u,
bdi vidt tit.nt6t sd bd"o-vd tqp chi. Do di6u
kiQn kh.dch quan, chfing t6i kh6ng ti6n hQ
dddc hdt vdi cdc tdc gi&, rdt ntong ddo-c
Itong thtl. Trdn trqng cdnt dn vd kinlt ntdi
ccic tdtc gid li6n hQ vai bi|n tdp vi|n dd
nhdn nhuln bitt (DT: 04. 62651212)

I

gi6i tld€u

Chfi quyin
bidn ddo ViEt Nam

ta; nhthg co s6 phdp lj,, kh&ng dinh chfi quydn c&a Vi6t
Nant ddi vdi cdc qudn ddo tr6n bidn D6ng (d\c biet 2 qudn
d6o Hodng So vd Tnldng Sa), kh&ng dinh quan didm ctn
Ddng vd Nlrd nddc ta trongvi\c gi&i quy6t tmnh chdp; tuy)n
truyin y nghia, n6i dung, kdt qud th{c hi6n cdc vdn bdn
phdp lj,vd bidn, ddo ViQt Nom dd ki/ kdt voi cdc nddc ldng
gi6ng, cdc nddc c6 li6n quon; tuy|n truydn gido duc cho
todn ddn ndng cao j, thilc ddu tranh bdo v6, git gin chtt
quy6n bi6n, ddo cfia Td qucic, gop phdn g)n gifr hba binh,
hop tdc httu nghi vd phdt tri6n giila cdc qudc gia ving Bi6n
Ddng; Gioi thiQu nhthg thdnh talu phdt tri6n kinh td bidn,
ddo ctn tifrrg dla phxong, cdc ngdnh vd cd nddc; vai trb c&a
cdc thdnh phdn kinh td tham gia tich cdc vdo phdt tri6n
kinh td, bidn, d6o; chu trong tuy\n tntydn, nhdn r6ng cdc
di€n hinh ti6n ti6n trong phdt tridn kinh td, an sinh - xd
h6i, ddm b6.o git.gin an ninh vd chfi qry6n cdc ving bidn,
d6o crta T6 qudc;Ndng cao tinh thdn trdch nhi6m, tinh cdm
ctn moi tdng lop nhdn ddn ddi vdi cdc chidn sf, cdc ltc
lxong dang ngdy d\m ldm nhi6m W bdo vQ chrt, quydn bi6n,
d&o; b6o vO todn ven \dnh thd thieng )i6ng cfia Td qudc...
Ngodi ra, b6 sdch cung gi6i thiQu v6 ti6n't nang phdt
tridn du lich bidn ddo, d6 ld nhfrng hdn d6o du lich ndi
tidng, cdc ngon hdi dang cd kinh, nhttng vinh bidn dqp
nhdt crta Viot Nam...
MQc di dd hdt stc cd gdng song b6 sdch cfing kh6
trdnh kh6i nhttng thidu s6t. B6i vdy, chfi.ng t6i ntong
nhdn ddoc nhtrng gdp y xdy dtlng cfia quy ban doc dd
nhtlng ldn tdi bdn sau bQ sdch sE hodn thi6n hon.
Trdn trong cdm dn vd gi6i thiQu!
NHA XUAT BAN THANH NIEN

pllilill
TONG QUAN BIEN VIET NAM
VA NHIlNG CU LIEU LICH SIJ
.lz,\,?',
VE CHU QUYEN BIEN DAO VIET NAM
^?

rdruc euAN vE eldN vlEr

NAM

@A" D6ng ld vring bidn ria TAy Thr{i Binh

Drrong. NhAn dAn ViOt Nam vAn gqi Bidn D6ng theo
t6n truy6n th6ng, gXn lidn vdi lich srl hing nghin ndm
cria dAn t6c. TOn Bidn D6ng dd drroc ghi trong cudn
Dt dia chi c:.ja Nguy6n Trdi, ndm 1435 thdi vua L0
Thdnh T6ng.
Bidn D6ng ld m6t bidn nfa kin, dttoc bao boc bdi
luc dia ch.1u A vi b6n ddo Malacca v6 phia TAy, ddo
Dii Loan, quAn ddo Phillipin vi dio Kalimantan vd phia
D6ng. Bidn D6ng c6 di6n tich kho6ng 3,5 triOu km2, trai
r6ng tr} vi d6 3o 16n ddn vi dd 260 Bdc vd tri kinh d6
100o ddn 121o D6ng vd ddoc bao boc bdi 9 nrldc le Viet
Nam, Trung Qudc, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei,
Malaysia, Singapore, Thdi Lan, Campuchia vh m6t ving
Hnh thd li Dai Loan.
ViOt Nam ndm ngay b6n bd Bidn D6ng, gi6p vdi
Bidn D6ng d htrdng D6ng, Ddng Nam vi TAy Nam. Bd
bidn nddc ta cong hinh cht1 S, k6o ddi trOn 3.260km td
M6ng Cr{i (Quiing Ninh) ddn Hi TiOn (Ki0n Giang)'
Trong s6 e+ tinh, thinh phd ctia nt/dc ta, c6 28 tinh,

l0 -".S\$)).a Chrt suyEn
bidn ddo ViEi Nam

Todn

-=J)YY))

thinh phd girip bidn. Trung binh cri'khodng 100 km2ddt
lidn c6 1km bd bidn (mtfc trung binh trOn thd gidi ln
600km2 ddt lidn/1km bd bidn). Noi gAn bidn nhdt d nddc
ta (Qudng Binh) chi cdch bidn khodng 50 km, noi xa nhdt
(DiOn Bi6n) ciich bidn khodng 500 km. Ving bidn ntldc
ta rdng ldn vdi hing nghin ddo ldn nh6, dAc biOt ld hai
quAn ddo Hoing Sa vA Tnidng Sa ndm d trung tAm Bidn
D6ng, c6 vi tri dia chidn ltroc rdt quan trong. TrI hdng
nghin nam nay, bidn - ddo ViOt Nam di gdn lidn vdi stl
nghiOp dlrng nr.ldc vi girl ntldc cda dAn t6c; bidn gdn b6
mAt thiet vi 6nh hudng ldn ddn str phi{t tridn kinh td xi hdi, qudc phdng, an ninh, bdo vO m6i tnidng cria moi
midn ddt nudc.

r. vI TRi DIA KrNH 16 Va DrA CHINH TRr

c0a nl6r.r vrFi NAM

Ving bidn vd ven bidn Vi€t Nam lh ct?a md ldn, li
"mdt tidn" quan trong ctia ddt nt/dc, ndm i{n ngrl tr0n ci{c
tuyOnhdng hii vh hing kh6ng huydt mach th6ng thtrdng
gitTa An Dd Dtiong vi Th6i Binh Dtrong, girla chAu Au,
Trung CAn D6ng vdi Trung Qudc, Nhat Bin vi ci{c nrldc
trong khu vdc. Bidn D6ng d6ng vai trd li chidc "cAu ndi"
ctlc ky quan trong, lh didu kiOn rt't thuAn loi dd giao lrtu
kinh td, h6i nhAp vd hop tdc gitTa nddc ta vdi cdc ntfdc
trOn thd gidi, dic biet ld vdi cdc nrldc trong khu vrtc chAu
A - Thei Binh Dtrcng, khu vuc phiit tridn kinh td ndng
dQng vi c6 m6t sd trung tAm kinh td ldn ctia thd gidi.
HAu hdt c6c nttdc trong khu vtrc chAu A - Th6i Binh
Dtrong ddu c5 ciic hoat dQng thtrmg mai hAng hAi rait
manh trOn Bidn D6ng. Trong tdng sd 10 tuydn dudng bidn

cdnh

,f@f,e^

bidn ddo WEt Nam

1

\\\-\\=t-t

1

Idn nhdt trOn thd gidi hiOn nay, c6 5 tuy€in di qua Bidn
DOng hodc c6 liOn quan ddn Bidn D6ng.
Didu kiOn td nhiOn ctia bd bidn ViQt Nam di tao ra
tidm ndng v6 cing to ldn cho ng)nh giao th6ng hat'g
hai Viet Nam. poc UO bidn ViOt Nam c6 nhidu didm c6
thd xAy dUng cdng bidn ntidc sAu vd cdng trung binh'
Nhin vdo ttldng lai, h€ thdng li€n vAn D6ng Nam A,
ntldc ta cung c6 thd ph6t tridn m6t sd cdng chuyOn dgng
hodc cAng qud cAnh cho c6c nrrdc 16ng gi0ng nhtt Trung
Qudc, Ldo, Myanma.
MQt s6'n6t so hfoc vd dio vi quAti dio ntJdc ta
'^? nufdc ta c6 tr6n 4'000 hdn dd'o ldn nhd
vung rolen
trong do. vnng bidn D6ng BXc c6 trOn 3'000 dAo; Bdc
Trung 86 tr6n 40 ddo; cdn lai d vring bidn Nam Trung
vi
BQ, ving bidn TAy Nam vi hai quAn d6o Hoing Sa

Trddng

Sa.

Ddo vi quAn ddo ntrdc ta c6 y nghia quan trong
trong sg nghi.ep c6ng nghiOp h6a, hiQn dai h6a dt't nddc;
c6 vai trd ldn lao trong c6ng cudc bdo v0 chri quy€n vh
tohn ven linh thd cria Td qudc.
Cdn crl vio vi tri chidn ltr_o. c v) c6c didu kion dia ly kinh
td, dAn ctf, c6 thd chia c6c dAo, quAn dAo thanh c6c nh6m:
1.He thdng ddo tidn tiOu c6 vi tri quan trong trong
sd nghiOp xAy dung vd bio vO Td qudc'
Tr€n ciic d6o c6 thd Iflp nhrlng cdn crl' kidm so6t
vting bidn, ving trdi nddc ta, kidm tra hoat ddng cda
tAu, thuyOn, bio ddm an ninh qudc phdng, xAy drrng

Toiin cdnh
bidn ddo Vi€t Nam

Chi quyEn
bidn ddo ViEt Nam

kinh te, bdo vO chd quydn vi toAn ven linh thd cria dd't
nrldc ta. D6 h ciic ddo, quAn ddo nhtt: Hoing Sa, Tnrdng
Sa, Thd Chu, phri eudc, C6n Diio, phti eu;i, Ly Son,
C6n C6, CO T6, Bach Long Vi...
2. C6c ddo ldn c6 diOu kiOn ttl nhiOn thuAn loi cho
phi{t triOn kinh td - xd h6i

D6 Ie ciic dao nhd: C6 T6, Cet Ba, Ci Lao Chdm,
Ly Son, Phri Quy, Cdn Ddo, Phri Qudc.
3. Ciic diio ven bd gAn c6 didu kiOn phi{t tridn nghd
cd, du lich vA cring lA cin ctl'dd b6o v6 trAt tti, an ninh
tr€n vung bi6'n vA bo bidn ntldc ta.

D6 h ciic dAo thu6c huy€n dAo Crit Bd, huyOn ddo
Bach Long Vi, huy6n drio Phd Quy, huy0n diio C6n
Son, huyOn drio Ly Son, huyOn ddo Phd Qudc...
4. QuAn ddo HoAng Sa vA qudn ddo Trudng Sa

QuAn diio Hoing Sa (Paracelslsland) gd- tr0n 30
dAo, d6, cdn san h6, dd ngAm vi b6i can drloc chia
thdnh hai nh6m (nh6m An Vinh d phia D6ng Bdc vi
nh6m LtrOi Lidm d phia TAy Nam), c6ch ddo Ly Son (Ctj
Lao R6) khoring 120 hai l;i. Di6n tich toAn b6 phAn ddt
ndi ctia quAn ddo khoiing 10km2 vA ddo ldn nhdt lA drio
Phri LAm, diOn tich khoAng1,5km2.
QuAn ddo Trddng Sa (Spratlylsland) gdm hon tOO
hdn ddo, dii, cdn san h6 vi bdi ci{t, ciich quAn d6o
HoAng Sa khoing tr6n 200 hei l)i vd phia D6ng Nam,
ci{ch Cam Ranh khodng 248 hai ly, cdch drio phf euy
khoiing 203 hai ly; trong d6 c6 9 dAo, bdi quan trong lA
ci{c ddo Trt/dng Sa, An Bang, Ba Binh, Nam ydt, Loai

Ta, Thi Ttl, Song Tf D6ng, Song Trl TAy vA bdi An
Nhon. Di6n tich toin b6 phAn da't nOi cda qudn diio
cting khodng 10km2, trong d6 ddo Ba Binh ldn nh6't,
rQng khoiing 0,5km2.

Hai vlnh ldn tr€n Bidn D6ng
1. Vinh Bdc B0

iy*n Bdc BQ li

mQt trong nhrlng vinh ldn cria thd
gi6i, c6 diOn tich khodng 126.250km?'(36.000 hai l)t
vu6ng), rdng td 105"35E ddn 109"55E trrii ddi tr] vi
tuydn 17"N ddn vi tuydn 21"N. Chidu +gang ndi rdng
nht't khodng 310km v) noi hep nhdt khoiing 220km (I1'9
hei 1)t)>

Vinn BXc 86 thu6c 10 tinh, thanh phd cria Vi0t
Nanivdi tdng chiOu ddi khodng 763kmlvi bd bidn thu6c
hai tinh QuAng TAy, Hdi Nam cda Trung Qudc vdi tdng
chidu ddi khoing 695km.
Vinh th6ng ra Bidn D6ng qua cria phfa Nam, nim
girla TAy Nam ddo HAi Nam vd bdn d6o Son TrA (Di
Ning) vd qua eo bidn Qu!'nh Chdu nXm gifa b6n diio
L6i ChAu vi phia Bdc ddo Hdi Nam.
@o

HiQp dinh PhAn dinh Vinh BXc B0 ky ngdy 25-12-2000
girla ViQt Nam vd Trung Qudc di x6c dinhranhgidi linh
hAi cria hai nrldc d ngoii ctla sdng Bdc LuAn, cring nhtt
ranh gidi ving ddc quydn kinh t6 vi thdm luc dia cria
nttdc ta vd Trung Qudc d trong Vinh Bic BO. VA dien
tfch tdng thd theo mrlc ntidc trung binh thi ViOt Nam
dttoc 53,237o, Trung Qudc dndc 46,77% diQn tich vinh.

Ehi quyEn
biin ddo Vigt Nam
lPhAn vinh phia Vi0t Nam c6 khoAng 2.30O d,Ao) dd ven bd,
d{c biQt c6 dAo Bach Long Vi vdi diOn tich 2,5km2nXm
crich ddt lidn ViQt Nam khoAng 110km, ciich dAo Hii Nam
khoAng 130km. Phia Trung Qudc c6 m6t sd it dio nh6 d
phia DOng Bdc vinh nhtr dAo Vi ChAu, Ti Drfong.
i--Vinh Bdc BQ c6

vi tri chi6n ltrgc quan trong ddi vdi

Vi0t Nam vi Trung Qudg)g6 vd kinh td t5n qudc phdng,
an ninh. Vinh li ndi chrl'a d{ng nhiAu tAi nguyOn thiOn
nhiOn, dac biQt la hai siin vi dAu khi. Trong vinh c6
nhidu ngrl tnrdng l6n, cung cdp ngu6n hdi sdn quan
trong cho ddi sdng ctia nhAn dAn hai nt1dc.
2. Vinh Thiii Lan

i*)!nh Thiii Lan nlm d phia TAy Nam Bidn D6ng
drtoc bao boc bdi bd bidn ViQt Nam, Campuchia, Th6i
I an vi Malaysia, trdi dii tr} vi tuydn 5" ddn 14" BXc vi
trl kinh tuydn 99o ddn 1,05" E6ng vi kdt thric d phia-Bdc
Ddng BXc d mrii Ci Mau tai 8o36' Bdc - 702021.' D6ng.
Vlnh rQng khodng 293.000 km2, chu vi khodng 2.300krrt
chiAu dai 628km. Vinh Thiii Lan li mQt vinh n6ng vdi
d0 sAu trung binh khoAng 60 - 80 m. Dri'o Phf Qudc
trong vinh In diio ldn nha't cria Vi€t Nam, diQn tich
5671<1112. Vinh th6ng ra Bidn E6ng d phia Nam bing m6t
ctla duy nhdt hgp bdi mrii CA Mau (ViQt Nam) vd mrli
Trenggranu (Malaysia) ciich nhau chrlng 400km (215 hai
l)t). Tai nguy6n thi€n nhi6n cria vring bidn niy bao g6m
hai loai: mdt bOn li tei nguyOn sinh vAt bidn vdi kho6ng
hdn 100 loii cri, trong sd d6 c6 khoiing 20 loii cii c6 tAm
quan trong vd kinh td, vi bOn kia lA tai nguy€n khodng
sdn chria trong ciic trAm tich cria thdm luc dia.

Todn

bidn

cdnh

dio

ViEt

n/,P,'e^

Nam

15

\NXK.'--

II. TIdM NANG vA rAvr QUAN TRQNG ctn

vIEr NAM
Bidn c6 f nghia to ldn dd ddt ntldc ta Phdt tridn kinh

SICN

tg md ctla giao ltru vdi qudc td vd ngAy cdng c6 vai trd

ldn trong ttldng lai.TiAm ndng tAi nguyOn bidn cria nrJdc
ta rdt dring kd vi c6 y nghia cr/c k!' quan trong ddi vdi
ar,t phdt tridn cria ddt nudc.
1.

v6 kinh td

d Diu khi
Bidn ViQt Nam c6 ti6m ning tAi'nguy0n phong phri,
d{c biet ld dAu m6, khi ddt va cdc nguy€n liOu chidn
luqc khdc, dim bdo cho an ninh ning ltrgng qudc gia,
cho ddt nddc trf chri hon trong phdt tridn kinh td trong
bdi cAnh hi6n nay. Cdng vdi ddt lidn, v0ng bidn ntldc

ta nlm d noi tidp gitip gifia D6ng Nam A luc dia vi
D0ng Nam A hAi diio, m6t khu vric giiu tAi nguy6n
thi0n nhi0n, mQt thi trddng c6 stlc mua kh6 ldn, mdt
vrlng kinh td nhidu thQp kli phdt tridn ning dQng.
Thdm luc dia Vi€t Nam c6 nhidu bd trAm tich chtia
dAu khi vd c6 nhidu tridn vong khai thdc ngudn khoiing
oAn niy. So vdi cilc nrJdc Ddng Nam A, trfi ldong dAu
khl cria nrldc ta dfng thf 3, sau Idonesia vi Malaysia'
Tuy mdi ra ddi, nhrtng nginh dAu khi cria ta de trd
thAnh m6t trong nhr1ng ngAnh kinh td mrii nhon, c6
ti0m ltlc ki thuAt, vdt chdt ldn vi hiQn dai nhdt trong
nhfing ngAnh khai thdc bidn; d6ng thdi ctlng ld m6t
trong nhrlng nginh xudt khdu vd thu nhi6u ngo4i tQ
nhdicho adt ntrOc. Nginh c6ng nghiQp khai thiic dAu

Ehn qu)/iin
bi6n ddo ViEt Nant

khi phdt tridn k6o theo sd phdt tridn cria m6t sd nginh
khiic nhu c6ng nghiQp hor{ dAu, giao th6ng vAn tiii,
thdong mai trong nrfdc

vi

khu vdc

b) Cdng od aQn tdi bidn

Bidn Vi6t Nam nlm d vi trf c6 nhidu tuydn dtrdng
bidn quan trong cria khu vttc cring nhtr cria thd gidi, girl
m6t vai trd rdt ldn trong vAn chuydn lttu th6ng hAng
h6a thuong m+i phgc vu ddc lrtc cho xAy dtrng ndn kinh
td cda ntldc ta crlng nhd ci{c nr.t'dc quanh UO Sidn E6ng.
Bidn Vi6t Nam ndi th6ng vdi nhidu httdng, tr] cric hii
cing ven bidn cria ViOt Nam th6ng qua eo bidn Malacca
dd di ddn An Dd Dtrong, TrungbOng, chAu Au, chju
Phi; qua eo bidn Ba-si c6 thd di vAo Thiii Binh Dtrong
ddn ci{c ciing cria Nhat Biin, Nga, Nam Mi vd Bdc Mi;
qu_a ciic eo bidn girTa Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore
ddn Australia vi New Zealand... DAy li didu kiOn rdt
thu_fln loi dd nginh giao th6ng vAn tdi bidn nd6c ta phiit
tridn, thtic ddy giao lrru kinh td, vdn hod girla nuJc ta
vdi ciic nridc khi{c trong khu vdc vA trOn thd gidi.
H0 thdng cing cria nttdc ta g6m cing bidn vd cAng
sdng vdi khodng trOn 90 ciing ldn nh6; nhrtng cAng ldn
chti ydu nim d ranh gidi chAu thd thuli triAu vl chau tnd
bdi tu, nOn tiu ra vAo cing phdi di theo ludng lach vi
phu thu6c vio mri'c nddc thuf tridu. Ven bidn midn Trung
c6 nhidu vung, vinh nddc rt't sau, c6 didu kiOn thuAn loli
dd phrit tri€n cdng bidn, trong d6 c6 ciic cdng trung
chuydn c6ngteno tAm cd qudc td; ddng thdi cring rdt
thuAn loi dd xAy dung ciic cd sd d6ng tiu quy *6 ldr,,
crlng nhtt xAy dtrng ddi thrrong thuydn dri manh dd bu6n
biin tr0n thd gidi. Su hinh thAnh mAng ludi cdng bidn

f;:;::'.,tNamtr@,:
cirrrg vdi cdc tuydn drfdng b6, drldng sdt ven bidn vr_ron
Itti c:ic,ving sAu trong n6i dia, ddn c6c tuydn dudng
ruy0n A cho ph6p ving bidn vi ven bidn nddc ta c6 khd
n;ing chuydn tii hing h6a xudt khdu vA nhAp,khdu qua
rrroi miAn cria Td qudc vi ra ntt'dc ngoii, ddn Trung
eudc,
l,ao, Th6i Lan vi Campuchia, g6p phAn thric ddy crlc tdng
trttrlng mdi vd kinh td trong khu6n khd Khu vuc mAu
tlit'h tqi do gifa ciic ntidc ASEAN vA Trung eudc.
Doc theo bd bidn, trung binh khodng 20km lai c6 m6t
. ri,r sdng. PhAn ldn cdc s6ng ngdi ddu chdy theo htrdng
l.lv IlXc - DOng Nam vi dd ra bidn. D6ng chri y li cdc hO
llrtirrg s6ng ving duy6n hii Qudng Ninh, h€ thdng s6ng
Ilong, hO thdng s6ng Mi, hO thdng s6ng C6, hA-thdn;
s0ng D6ng Trtldng Son, h0 thdng s6ng Ddng Nai - V)m
('o vt) hQ thdng sdng Cr?u Long... Cdc hQ thdng s6ng niy
, ri rrhidu ctla th6ng ra bidn thuAn tiOn cho giao thOng
tlr/i)ng thriy tr} ddt lidn ra bidn vi ngddc lai. Ciic cr?a s6ng
vrri hio. ng phi du ldn vA ra't phong phri dd ra bidn dd tao
lhrrin loi cho viOc phdt tridn ngu6n loi thriy sdn.
c) Thu! sdn

Trong sd nhrtng loi ich mA bidn mang lai, kinh te
llrtiy siin chiSm vi tri ddc biOt quan trong, dan xen girla
Irri ich tntdc mdt va loi ich IAu ddi theo m6t yi nghia dAy
,lri cria n5. Vi thriy sdn li ngudn tii nguyOn t6i tao vd
kinh td thdy sdn phi{t tridn dtra trOn ndn tiing cria ciic
lr0 sinh thdi (HST), n6n c6 thd khtng dinh ,,cdn bidn,
tirn thriy siin". Ddi vdi m6t nrt'dc di lOn tr] xudt phiit
,liim tht'p cria n6n kinh td, cdn nghdo nin vd lac hAu
rgng
trong vi6c b;
c0ng

Ehd quyEn
lE ^5\5)a
ViEt Nam
biin
ddo
--J)Xg)

ddng dAn ct1 sdng d ci{c vring n6ng th6n ven bidn vd
hAi dAo. Ngu6n loi thtiy sin nddc ta vdo loai phong phri
trong khu vdc. Ngoii cii bidn li ngu6n loi chinh, cdn c6
nhidu loai ddc sAn c6 giri tri kinh td cao. Sd liOu thdng
k0 cho tht'y, trong ving bidn ViOt Nam c6 khoAng 11,.000
loii sinh vAt ctl tni trong hdn 20 kidu HST didn hinh,
thudc 6 vring da dang sinh hoc (DDSH) bidn kh6c nhau.
Ddn nay dd xilc dinh dtroc 15 bai cii ldn quan trong,
ngo)i ra, cdn c6 cdc b6i t6m quan trong d vring bidn gAn
bd thu6c Vinh BXc BQ vA bidn TAy Nam 86. Ven bidn c6
tr6n 37 van ha mdt nr.ldc lo, thich hop dd nu6i c6c loai
thriy sAn xudt khdu nhrl: ci{, t6m, cua, rong cAu...
C6c HST bidn - ven bidn ntldc ta c6 ndng sudt sinh hoc
cao vi quydt dinh hAu nhrr tohn bO ndng sudt so cdp cda tolrn
vung bidn. TiAm ndng ngu6n loi c6 biein ddc tinh khodng 3,1
- 4,2 frdu tdn, sAn ltrong khai th6c bdn vrhtg khoAng IA - 1',7
triQu tdn. Ngodi ra, tnT trrong ngudn loi c6 rirn san h6, ving

d6t thdm llrc dia, ving bidn sAu > 150m vi ngudn loi nhuy6n
thd hai mAnh v6 dang dtr-o. c diAu tra d6nh gia (1).

il

Du lich bidn

Ngoii ra, ntidc ta cdn c6 rdt nhi6u loi tnd vd du lich
bidn. Vdi nhi6u trung tAm du lfch bidn quan trong c6 vi
tri dia ly thuAn loi, nim tr6n tuydn du lich qudc t6 D6ng
Nam A nhu Vrlng Tiru, Nha Trang, Dd Ning, Hud, HAi
Phdng, QuAng Ninh... c6 dti cdc diOu kiOn vd khA ning dd
trd thinh nhrlng tu didm vC du lich bidn. Ving bidn ntrdc
ta c6 didu kiQn h,t nhiOn

vi tii

nguyOn thi6n nhiOn thuAn

cinh

dio

Vi€t Nam

ph6t tridn nhidu loai hinh du lich. PhAn luc dia vdi
cdc dia hinh d6i, nfi, ddng bhng da dang lim t6n l6n v6
dgp cda h)ng chuc b6i t5m tdt, cing vdi mdt ntidc, ddy
biO'n vd hAi dAo tao nOn nhidu danh lam thXng cAnh, hang
tlQng ky thri, sdn thfiy hrlu tinh. I{ri hAu nhiet ddi gi6 mia
thufln loi cho viOc td cht?c du lich bidn quanh nim, ddc biOt
li\ Crlc thAm thtlc vAt phong phri, cdc ngudn nrtdc kho6ng, cac
Ioiri d6ng vQt quli hidm, tao sft'c hdp dAn thu hrit kh6ch du
lich nghi dudng, tham quan, thd thao, chrfa bOnh...
lqti cho

d) Khodng sin khdc$)
Cdc kho6ng sdn quan trong vd cd tidm ndng ldn d
vting ven bidn li than, si.t, c|t thdy tinh vi cdc loai vAt
li$u xAy dqng kh6c.
- Than d6 phAn bd doc bidn Hdn Gai - Cdm Phd vi
kfo dii ra c6c ddo. TrrT lugng than dii ven bidn Qu6ng
Ninh khoAng 3 tli tdn, cho ph6P khai thiic hdng chuc
tri|u tdnlndm, tao ra ngdnh c6ng nghiOp chd lrrc c6 tdc
.lQng ldn ddn kinh td - xA h6i ving ven bidn D6ng Bic
('UA I o quoc.
- Than nAu phAn bd d dO sAu trl 300 - 1.000m thu6c
rtdng bing s6ng H6ng vd k6o ddi ra bidn vdi trr1 hlong
tlr,t do6n hAng trdm tf tdn. DAy li ngudn ndng ldong
tlg trrl rdt ldn cda ddt nddc.

- Than bin phAn bd rdi rdc doc ven bidn ci{c tinh
'Ihanh H6a, Qudng Binh, Thrla Thi6n - Hud, Qudng
t)

1) Tdi ti€u bii'n vd htii d&t, Website Dting CQng stin ViQt Nunr

Todn

bidn

gia. Nhtn14 vdn di liAn quun dah chti tlut'?n
ctiuViet Nam trln Bidn Ding, Hd Nf/,2010.

Iit' ban Bi\n gidi

hiin

dttut

qtu"t't:

2B ^S,\$),ri

-J)//y))

Chd

quyin

bidn ddo viEt Nam

Di Ning, Ci

Mau,... ddc bi€t tAp trung ldn d U
Minh vdi trrt ltrong lOn trOn 100 tri0u tdn, tuy nhiOn
dang bi giiim stit nghiOm trong.

Nam,

- Da pheit hi6n hing chuc md vA didm quang s5t c5
quy m6 khiic nhau d ving ven bidn, trong d6 quan
trong nhA't ld m6 Thach KhO vdi trr1 hlong khoAng 580
triOu tdn, chidm 65"/o ftrt lrrgng qu{ng sXt cria cA nddc,
him ltrong qu{ng sft dat 60-65o/", ddm bio nguy€n liOu
cho cd sd luyQn kim quy m6 ldn.
- Sa kho6ng titan phan bd rdt phd bidn doc bd bidn voi
13 triOu tdn, tAp trung d Binh
Ngg., SAm Son, Ky Anh, Cdt IG6nh vi Him TAn. HAu hdt
c6c m6 titan dAu 16 thiOn d nhrlng khu vrrc kinh td h/ong ddi
ph6t tridn, ngu6n lao ddng ddi dao, giao th6ng thuAn tiOn...

trfi lddng du do6n kho6ng

- Cet thriy tinh ld m6t trong nhrlng khodng sAn ven
bidn c6 tidm ndng ldn nhdt vdi trr1 lugng du dodn hdng
trdm tyi tdn. Cdc m6 cdt thiy tinh ldn vd quan trong nhd:
VAn Hdi, Ba Ddn, Nam 6, Thriy Tridu, Hdn Gdm,... chdt
Irrong khri tdt drroc srl dqng lAm nguy6n liOu d€! sdn
xudt ci{c loai thiy tinh cao cA'p vi vat hCu kh6c.
- Mudi vi c6c h6a chdt bidn chti ydu h NaCl, lA ngudn
thuc phdm tdi cAn thidt trong cudc sdng vi li nguyOn liOu
didu chd c6c h6a phdm c6ng nghiQp khdc. Theo d6nh gi6 sd
b6, tiOm ning diOn tich dd ph6t tridn ddng mudi vr)rng ven
bidn ntrdc ta rdt lon, td 50 - 60 nghin ha, trong d6 khoAng
60% tdp trung d ven bidn il QuAng Ngdi ddn Binh ThuAri.

-

Tii

nguy€n khdc nhu dd v6i, di{ xAy dttng, dri dp
l6t, cao lanh, nr-{dc khodng,... phAn bd r6ng rdi d ving
ven bidn tr0n ciic diio, c6 thd ph6t tridn c6ng nghiOp xi

mdng vd vAt li6u xAy dlrng vd c6 y nghia rdt quan trong
trong viOc chuydn ddi co ct'u kinh td cda ci{c dia phuong
ven bidn theo httdng c6ng nghiOp h6a, hi6n dai h6a.

il

Nguin ndng ltong

Ntrdc ta c6 thd thu drto. c ndng hldng ttY s6ng bidn, ddng
hAi luu, thriy triAu dd lhm ngudn ndng luong phuc vq doi
sdng con ngtrdi. Tuy nhiOn, mudn khai th6c drroc ngu6n
ning lrrong niy cAn c6 vdn vd ki thuAt cao. Ngudn ph6t
tridn nang h.rong st't'c gi6, thtiy tridu vd s6ng r{t c6 tidm
ning, nhung do viOc dAu hr ctia chring ta cdn han chd nOn
ddn nay miri dang d giai doan tht'r nghiOm vd lim thi didm.

e) Ngu6n hlc con ngtdi
Bidn ViOt Nam cdn li dia bin quan trong trong phdt
tridn kinh td da't nt.fdc. Hi0n nay c6 tr6n 31% dAn sd cii
nr.fdc sinh sdng d 28 tinh, thenh phd ven bidn. Da sd c6c
thdnh phd, thi xd ddu nXm d ven s6ng, cdch bidn kh6ng
xa, nhdt ld cdc thanh phd, thi xA o Trung 86 ndm s6t
ven bidn, cd dtrdng qudc 16 1,A chay qua. Khu vdc ven
bidn cring ld noi tAp trung cdc trung tAm c6ng nghiOp
ldn. C6c tinh, thinh phd ven bidn c6 cdc ciing, co sd srla
chr1a, d6ng tiu, di{nh bdt hoac chd bidn hdi sdn, lAm
mudi... thu hrit hon 1"3 triOu lao dQng, gidi quydt c6ng
iln vi6c lim, g6p phAn to ldn vio vi6c dn dinh tinh hinh
kinh td, chinh tri, xd hQi vd an ninh - qudc phdng.
2. Vd qudc phdng - an ninh

Bidn ntrdc ta lh m6t kh6ng gian chidn luoc dac biet
tluan trong ddi vdi qudc phdng - an ninh cria dt't ntt'dc.

ZZ

Toin cdnh
bidn ddo Vi€t Nam

quyEn

Chrt
^O\q)),a,
bidn ddo Vipt Nam
-JY=Y))

Vdi m6t ving bidn r6ng l6n, bd bidn ddi, dia hinh bd bidn
quanh co, khric khufu, c6 nhidu ddy nrii chay lan ra bidn,
chidu ngang ddt lidn c6 noi chi r6ng khoAng 50km (tinh
QuAng Binh), n6n vi6c phdng thd td htrdng bidn lu6n
mang tinh chidn hJoc. Mang lddi s6ng ngdi chXng chit
chAy qua c6c midn ctia ddt r:t:rrdc, chia c6t ddt tldn thenh
nhiAu khric, cft ngang cdc tuydn giao th6ng chidn lrroc
BXc - Nam. O
noi, nrii chay lan ra s6t bidn, tao thanh
"ftd.r
nhfing dfa hinh hidm trd, nhr1ng vinh kin, xen lAn vdi
nhrlng bd bidn bXng phing, thuAn tiOn cho viOc tni dAu
tdu thuydn v) chuydn quAn bhng dttdng bidn. HQ thdng
quAn ddo v) dAo trOn ving bidn ntidc ta cing vdi ddi dA't
lidn ven bidn thuAn loi cho viOc xAy dqng c5c cdn crl quAn
sd, didm tda, phiio dii, tram gdc tidn tiOu, hinh thenh
tuydn phbng thti nhidu tAng, nhidu I6p, vdi thd bd tri chidn
lrroc hop thd trOn bd, dddi nddc, tao didu kiQn thuQn lo. i
dd bio v0, kidm sodt vi lim chti virng bidn cria nddc ta.
3. Vd

Ngiy

m{t phip

tf

- chinh tri

23-6-L994,Qudc h6i nrldc ta dA ph6 chudn
C6ng rldc cria Li6n Hop qudc vA LuAt Bidn 1982. C6ng
udc bdt dAu c6 hiOu lrrc ttl ngAy 16-11-7994. Nha nddc
ta dd chinh thtlc h6a cd sd phiip l1i qudc t6 vd pham vi
ci{c ving bidn vd thdm luc dia, tao cd sd phdp ly vrlng
ch5c trongc6ngcu6cbAo vO chti quy6n vring bidn vi
th0m luc dia, bio vO loi fch qudc gia tr6n cdc vring bidn,
drio. Drlng thdi, thd hiOn quydt tAm cria ViOt Nam cing
c6ng d6ng qudc td xAy dtrng m6t trAt t{ phrip ly c6ng
bing, khuyen khich stt phiit tridn vA hop tdc trOn bidn.
Ngi.y 18-12-2003, Thd tddng Chinh phri da ky ban hAnh

Nghi dfnh sd 1,6L/2003/ND-CP vd Quy chd khu vtlc
bi€n gidi bidn g6m 5 chuong, 37 didu - quy dinh hoat
dQng cda ngt/di, tAu thuyOn ViOt Nam, tAu thuydn nddc
ngoii trong khu vtlc biOn gidi bidn nhhm qudn ly, bdo
v0 biOn gidi qudc gia trOn bidn, duy tri an ninh trAt tt/
an toin xi hdi trong khu vr{c bi6n gidi bidn.

Vtron ra bidn, khai thdc vA bdo vO bidn li su ltra chon
c6 tffi chdt sdng cdn ctia dAn t6c Vi6t Nam. HQi nghi ldn
thd'4 Ban Chdp hinh Trung rrdng DAng (kh6a X) dd ra
Nghi quydt vd "Chidn lddc bidn Viet Nam ddn ndm 2020"
nhlm nhanh ch6ng dtta nrldc ta trd thanh m6t nddc manh
vd bidn, trong d6 dd ra cdc muc ti€u vA nhrlng gi6i phdp
chidn luoc xut't ph6t tri y6u cAu vi didu kiOn khdch quan
cria sd nghiQp xAy drrng vd bAo v0 Td qudc ViOt Nam thdi
ky hQi nhAp sAu r6ng v)o ndn kinh td thd gidi. Nrrdc ta
c6 quan he thudng mai song phrrong vdi tr6n 100 midc,
quan h0 dAu trr vdi trOn 60 qudc gia vi ving Hnh thd;
tham gia ciic td chd'c qudc td nhu NgAn hing thd gidi
(WB), Qu! tidn tQ qudc td (IMF), I{iQp h6i cdc nrldc DOng
Nam A (ASEAN), Di6n ddn ho. p tdc kinh td chdu A - Thai
Binh Dtrong (APEC), Td chrlc Thrrcrng m4i thd gidi
(WTO)... Tdi dAy, c6c hoat dQng hgp t6c song phtrong, da
phtrcmg di6n ra sE r6ng l6n trong nhidu linh vrlc cA vd
kinh td, qudc phdng, an ninh vd ddi ngoai... Trong d6,
ho4t dQng trOn bidn sd di6n ra vdi quy m6 vh crlttng d6
lCrn hcrn, thuAn loi xen lAn th6ch thrlc. Chri trdottg cfra DAng
v) Nhd ntfdc ta h tich crJc thuc hiOn c6c cam k6t qudc td v0
bidn. Ddng thdi, kiOn quydt, kiOn tri bAo v0 chfi quydn ving
bidn, dAo gdn voi ph6t tridn kinh td bidn, tao mdi tnldtng
thuAn lqi dd nd6c ta md rdng quan hQ trao ddi khoa hoc k!
*

24 ^$Nq)a.

-Jr/V)

thuAt, dAu ttr, ddi moi c6ng nghO, hiQn dai h6a trang bi cho
qudc phdng - an ninh; tdng cudng hidu bidt lAn nhau vdi
c6c qudc gia thdnh viOn trong khu vdc v) qudc td..., vdi
muc dich cao nhdt ld dn dinh dd phdt tridn ddt ntidc; srl
dgng bidn tt/ong xrlng vdi tAm v6c ctia n6 trong co cdu
kinh t6 cring nhrr stl nghiOp xAy dtrng vi b6o vO Td qudc.
Dd chri tn{dng cda Ding di viro cudc sdng, cilc c{p, circ
ng)nh c6 liOn quan ddn khai thi{c vd bAo v0 bidn cAn c6
chidn lttoc ctia ri6ng minh trong chidn ltroc tdng thd cda
qudc gia, trong d6 cAn c6 nhrlng girii ph6p vA btldc di phu
ho. p vdi didu kiOn cria ddt nddc v) tranh thri duoc vdn vd
ki thuAt trong h-o. p tdc qudc td dd vtrcrn ra lim chri bidn
khoi, phgc vu ph6t tridn kinh td bidn n6i riOng vd kinh td
ddt ntrdc vdi tdc dd nhanh vd bdn vr1ng.

III. NHONG THANH TI.'U CHI} Y6u vE pHAT
TRIEN cAc riruH v{c rier.r euAN pEr.r nr€N
PAo VIET NAM
linh vtrc li6n quan ddn bidn cria ViOt
Nam trong thdi ki' ddi mdi vrla qua di c6 btrdc chuydn
bidn ddng kd vn dat duoc nhr1ng thanh tdu quan trong.
Str ph6t tridn cdc

nginh

vi

dia phdong de tich c{c xAy d{ng
nhi6u chidn ltfdc, quy ho4ch phit tridn c6c nginh,linh
vdc li6n quan d6h bidn
1. C6c

Todn cdnh

Chfi quvEn
bidn ddo ViEt Nam

Thtrc hiOn cic chri tructng cria Ding, chdp hnnh Chi
thi 399-TTg cria Thri tddng Chinh phf, ciic nginh, cdc dia
phttong da ticn hinh quy hoach, trong d6, 16 nhdt ld quy
hoach tdng thd phiit tridn nginh thuy' sdn ddn ndm 2010,

bidn

dio

Viet Nam

crlc quy hoach chuyOn nginh thuf sAn (khai thdc xa. bd,
rruOi tdm vd hAi sAn d cic ving d6ng bhng s6ng H6ng'
nri&n Trung, ddng bdng s6ng Ctlu Long, thuf loi phuc
vg nudi tr6ng thuf sin d b6n drio Cd Mau, quy hoach
lh0ng tin crlu nan nginh thuf sAn...); chidn ltroc ph5't

tri0n nginh dAu khi; quy hoach phi{t tridn nginh t)u
thui; .e. q.ty hoach vd ph6t tridn cing, tim kidm cfu
n,3n,... Trong nhrlng nimqua, kinh td thiy sAn nt/dc ta dd
tilng tnldng liOn tuc, nhanh vi kh6 dn dinh' S6n ltr-o.ng
tan[ Uio}, qrra., a-fOZ. /ndm, gi6 tri kim ng4ch xudt khdu
rlrdy sAn ndm 2009 ting gdp hon 250 lAn so vdi nim 1981'
Nrlm 2009, tdng sAn lrrgng thriy sdn d4t khodng 4,85 triOu
l,iln, trong d6 khai thdc dat 2,28 trieu tdn (chidm 47o/") vit
rruOi trdng thtiy sin d'at 2,57 tri6u tt'n (chidm 53%)' Kim
rrg.lch xudt khdu thtiy sAn ndm 2000 dat 1,0 tli USD' ndm
fixlZ a+t 2 tj/ USD/ ndm vi ddn nim 2009 dat 4,25 ti/
tlsl), drlng vtlng trong tdp dri'ng dAu ddt nudc vd kim
nllich xudt khdu vi tidp tuc girl vrlng vi tri trong 10 ntldc
\ui'r khdu thiry sin drlng dAu thd gidi0)'
l)On nay, cdc tinh ven bidn ddu c6 quy hoach tdng
tlr& phdt tridn kinh td - xd hdi, trong d6, c6 n0: dulg
rlinh hrrdng phrit tridn ci{c ngdnh, linh vrrc vd bidn'
Ngoili ra, d-a i5t na.,n mdt sd quy hoach liOn quan ddn
nhrr quy hoach ph6t tridn c6c
1,ti,tt tridn kinh td bidn
,l.lo t'hri Qudc, Phti Quf, C6n Ddo; quy hoach phdt tridn
rnQt srl khu kinh td ven bidn nhu VAn Phong, Cam Ranh'
('lrf,n MAy, Chu Lai, Nhon HQi...

t

I

tt,,, ilie,, gitli. Tii

lltt

N0i,2005.

LiQtt

tdp lruAit qutin

Ii

bidn trrnL7' Vinh lJtic BA'

Todn cdnh
dio Vi€t Nam

2E ^S,\$.a

,-J)ZY)

Chrt quYEn
bidn ddo Vipt Nam

bidn

kinh td bidn vi vtng ven bidn ting...